Lipitor effects: Information on what is Lipitor, how does it act and who should take it.
Lipitor effectsLiptior is a medication produced by American pharmaceutical company Phizer .It is a cholesterol lowering drug, using the active substance known as atorvastatin this is a original salt first developed by by a scientist named Bruce Roth while working for phizer in the year 1985. Like all statins Lipitor interrupts the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. As is well documented through a host of studies cholesterol forms an integral part of the artherosclerotic cascade which leads to eventual coronary artery disease,and hardeniong of arteries which may also lead to conditions such as , myocardial infarctions, strokes and othe peripheral vascular diseases. The drug is also used as an adjunct to diet in cases of dyslipidemia specially people suffering from hypercolesterolemie.The compound atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, this is a rate determining compound which is actually responsible for the production of mevalonate, a small molecule which is integral in the synthesis of cholesterol. Hence with the inhibition of mevalonate Lipitor actually succeeds in inhibiting cholesterol which in turn reduces LDL synthesis in the body. The drug comes in the form of atorvastatin calcium tablets and the preparation is available in doses of 10,20,40 and 80mg for oral administration. The tablets are generally elliptical and white in color.Side effects; the common side effects associated with Lipitor include mild stomach ache on starting of the drug, gas, bloating or sometimes even heart burn. Nausea, skin rashes and muscle pain have also been reported by patients receiving Lipitor treatment. Other more serious side effects of Lipitor that have been reported include; rhabdomyolysis which is a disease causing the break down of muscles and eventually leading to acute renal failure, and liver failure, but these were reported in very few patients. Incase upon use of the drugs you have any signs of an allergic reaction developing contact the emergency services promptly. These signs and symptoms include; hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips tongue or throat. Note the drug should not be used as a supplement for food. Increased consumption of fatty foods and the taking of Lipitor does not guarantee controlled cholesterol levels, hence a strict dietary regime is mandatory. Alcohol consumption is another contraindication while using Lipitor as alcohol increases triglyceride synthesis in the body and eventually rendering Lipitor’s effects null.The drug is taken once a day and preferably at night, one should also try and take the drug at the same time every day. You will also have to have periodic blood tests to monitor its effects and dose adjustments may be required depending upon the analysis. One should always consult a physician before embarking on Lipitor treatment. It is contraindicated in people suffering from allergies to statins, in pregnancy or during breast feeding, it is specially contraindicated in people with liver failure. Your physician should be comprehensively informed of any previous medical history specially diabetes, kidney disease, rhabdomyolysis or a thyroid dysfunction. Lipitor is also contraindicated for use in children below the age of 10.... continue
Male circumcisionMale circumcision means the removal of most or sometimes all of the foreskin or the prepuce as it is also known from the penis. The word itself is a derivative of the latin word circum which means around and cedere which means to cut. Circumcision has been practiced as a ritual from the times of the ancient Egyptians , where it has been depicted in in cave drawing and also in ancient Egyptian tombs. The ritual of circumcision is considered a edict from god in Judaism and jews circumcise the male child at a very early age. Circumcision is also routinely practiced in all sects of Islam. The world health organization states that approximatel 30% of males in the world are circumcised and 68% of those are muslims. The performance and prevalence of male circumcision is mostly dictated by the religious orientation and culture of a particular society. The practice of male circumcision though is not without controversy, advocates of the practice state that it is a healthy practice and the benefits of the procedure far outweigh its risks, it is believed to have little effect on the sexual functioning, and very few to almost no complications are ever reported when performed by an experienced surgeon and is best, when performed in neonates. Opponents of the practice however state that the procedure itself is very painful, increases the risk of infection, and directly influences the sexual performance of a male in later years. Human right activists also claim that it is violation of human rights when performed on neonates and children. The major health associations of the world as well the American medical association state that they do not recommend the practice of circumcision in neonates. The WHO in 2007 in aunited nations aids report stated that studies tend to indicate that male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV during intercourse, but at the same time is not a fool proof method of ensuring safety from sexually transmitted diseases, this can only be ensured through traditional preventive measure practiced during sex.In present day practice of the procedure instruments such as the Gomco clamp , platisbell and mogen clamp are widely available and used. The procedure of performing the circumcision is the same , the amount of foreskin to be resected is first measured, then opened via the preputial orifice to allow visualization of the glans underneath and ensure it is normal. The preputial epithelium or the inner lining of the foreskin is then separated from its attachment to the glans, the particular device is then placed in that area and stays there until adequate hemostasis is achieved. Circumcision among adult males is mostly performed without the use of clamps but requires the patient to practice complete abstinence for a period of upto 5 weeks, to allow for proper healing. In poorer countries the custom of performing the male circumcision is not undertaken by a medical person or surgeon, but by priests in unsterile conditions which increase the risk of infection post procedure. The foreskin after circumcision is not always discarded and maybe used for biomedical research.... 
Speech delaySpeech delay is a condition which refers to he delayed development in the process of speech production in children. A normal child should start talking and producing recognizable patterns of speech by the 18 months. A delay in this process is known as speech delay. This may be caused by the inability of a toddler to use the organ such as lungs, vocal, cords, mouth, tongue and teeth in an coordinated manner to produce a recognizable language. This language is generally the language spoken around the toddler by his or her parents. Hence language delay actually mean a delay in the development or use of language. One should also remember that language and speech in toddlers are two independent aspects of communication. A child for one maybe able to produce language I.e he is able to make cognitive language assessments but is conversely unable to produce this language into intelligible speech. In the case described above the toddler would be trying to speak in English for example picked up from his parents but this language would be impossible to understand. In a case where a child exhibits language delay he or she has surely not been able to produce speech hence it is more than likely that this child suffers from speech delay too. If parents feel that there child is not able to comprehend language patterns and as a result is not producing speech at an appropriate time they should promptly consult a speech therapist or speech pathologist.The scope of practices in speech therapy includes; prevention, screening, counseling, assessment diagnosis, treatment, intervention and follow up of patients suffering from speech disorders. Speech involves phonation, articulation resonance and aeromechanical aspects of respiration. When all these facets of speech are in sync only then does proper speech take place. If any of these aspects are not functional or dysfunctional pathologic speech may occur. A speech therapist firstly needs to recognize the aspect of speech that is not functional and then go about correcting it. Language , sensory awareness, and cognitive aspects of speech are also very important and not to be underestimated. Hence speech therapy requires carefull evaluation firstly of a persons fundamental grasp of speech and then g about treating it. Speech therapy also includes the screening of the child for participation in tympanometry and further evaluation using techniques such as videofluroscopy, nasendoscopy, stroboscopy and EMG’s . All these techniques help in the correct diagnosis of the speech empidment and thus provide data for the parameters of the speech disorder itself. Ones a positive diagnosis has been established a speech therapist may then proceed in giving counseling and therapy for the disorder itself. After all the tests and counseling a speech therapist will be definitively able to inform or correct the disorder plaguing the child. Sometimes it is just a matter of a delayed response but in other cases a speech delay may also indicate a cognitive dysfunction, deafness, and or some kind of organic disorder such as tumors.... 
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Nerve compression: Many painful articular disorders, as well as limb disorders are caused by compression of nerves that traverse that path. Examples of disorders related to nerve compression include cubital tunnel syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, tarsal tunnel syndrome and many more.: Nerve compression may be caused by one of many causes including structural deformities, associated pathologies such as cysts or occupation related disorders. Cubital tunnel syndrome is a condition that arises from pressure exerted on the ulnar nerve. The ulnar nerve is one of the main nerves of the hand and provides innervations to the interior of the hand. The syndrome can result in a variety of problems such as pain, swelling, weakness and unsteadiness of the hand, a tingling sensation and anesthesia of the hand have also been reported by patients.: The ulnar nerve provides innervations to the forearm and hand along with the thennar eminence of the palm, the path of the ulnar nerve is posterior to the elbow that is laterally to the medial epicondyle. When people complain of the funny bone sensation that is actually a sensation felt when the ulnar nerve is compressed due to a slight trauma along this epicondyle.: Sometimes this condition even makes an appearance when the nerve may be overly stretched and pushed up against the medial epicondyle when the elbow is bent. The most common complainants of this syndrome are people who involuntarily have a habit of sleeping with their elbows bent and under their head. This particular position tends to cause irritation to the ulnar nerve and in time can lead to progressive numbness of the ring or small finger, weakness of the forearm muscles and pain, in chronic cases permanent nerve damage may occur.Carpal tunnel syndrome is the compression of the nerve as it goes through the anatomical area known as carpal tunnel in the wrist usually this will be the median nerve. Carpal tunnel syndrome is very common and most commonly occurs in women between the ages of 30 and 50yrs.Most important Causes include arthritis, diabetes, decreased thyroid activity, acromegaly, amyloidosis, and pregnancy which produce swelling in the carpal tunnel. An activity that requires repetitive movements like flexion and extension of the wrist for example key board use; this may pose an occupational risk. Most often no underlying cause is found. Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include pain, tingling and numbness usually along the hand and wrist, which is supplied by median nerve (the thumb usually the palmar side, the radial side of ring figure, the index and the middle finger) but might also involve the entire hand. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a painful condition caused because of trapping or compression of the tibial nerve.: The tibial nerve is one of the main innervating nerves of the foot and ankle; it travels along the tibia curving downwards on the posterior side of the leg to reach the ankle. This region of the foot contains four compartments three of which are comprised of muscle insertions from the leg, whereas the fourth contain the tibial nerve and the posterior tibial vein and arteries.... 
Speech disorderSpeech disorders are disorders related to production of normal speech. They are also called speech impediments and include all disorders related to normal speech such as stuttering, apraxia, lisps, clutering, dysprosody and such. People who for some reason or the other are unable to speak at all are considered mute. In all only about 5% to 10% of the total population of the earth has completely normal speech patterns which do not have any sort of speech disorders. The most common form of speech disorder that is found in a majority of the popultaion is stuttering and cluttering which is quite similar to stuttering but people suffering from this disorder do not pause intermittently while speaking, but tend to clutter up words i.e to enter a second word without completing the first one. Another common disorder prevalent is dysprosody. It is characterized by alterations in intensity and timing the speech. That is rhythm, cadency and connotations of the words differ as a person suffering from dysprosody continues to speak. The cause of this disorder is mostly related to some sort of a neurological disorder mostly cerbro vascular accidents, carnioencephalic traumas, and certain forms of tumors. Voice disorders are often physical impairments that involve the functioning of the larynx or the voice box as it is also known. Dysartria is another speech disorder emanating from a preceding or ongoing neurological affliction. It is most commonly found in people suffering from diseases such as ALS, parkinsons disease, and cerebral palsy other inorganic causes suchas surgical accidents and head or neck injuries may also precipitate symptoms of dysarthria. Speech sound disorder, is a disorder in which the person is unable to produce specific speech patterns, and this sort of disorder is further divided into articulation disorders called phonetic disorders and phonemic disorders. The phonetic disorders include difficulty in learning to produce sounds and people suffering do not always have to the correct pronunciation of words. Whereas phonemic disorders are learning disorders in which the patient is unable to make a sound distinction of words and as a result is unable to pronounce them correctly. Sometimes people suffering from speech sound disorders may have a mixed form of disorder in which both components of phonemic and phonetic maybe combined.another disorder of speech is known as apraxia. This is mostly a condition caused by a cerebrovascular stroke or in certain neurological conditions may be developmental. This disorder involves a patient rearranging alphabets of a particular word to produce an altogether different sounding word. The production of words is difficult and requires a considerable amount of effort on the part of the patient. Scientists have now come to the conclusion that childhood apraxia is not physically the same condition as acquired apraxia even though the basic characteristics of the disease are very similar.The causes of speech disorders are varied and in most cases unknown. The known causes of impairment in speech include; hearing loss, brain injury, carnial tumors, mental retardation, dementia and alzhiemers may also produce speech disorders. drug abuse and certain physical ailments in children such as clef lip and palate have also been implicated. ... 
Tendonitis Exercise for the Shoulder: Tendonitis in the shoulder is something that is very painful and very frustrating. For those suffering from it, it is important to know how to exercise the shoulder so that the pain and the stiffness go away. First of all, careful stretching is the first key to getting the shoulder back in motion. A person can try such activities as an overhead stretch, which is lifting one arm straight over the head, grabbing the elbow with the other hand and exerting gentle pressure with that hand. It almost seems like a pull. This is something that will really get the rotator cuff moving again because the tendons connected to it will be able to start moving again when they are exercised properly. An individual with tendonitis can also try this Tendonitis Exercise: simply shrug the shoulders with the hands by the sides. The shoulders are raised until pain is felt, held for 5 seconds, and then rested for 5 seconds. ... 
The Litmann stethoscopes are manufactured by the American company 3M and are named after the Harvard medical school cardiologist Dr. David litmann The litmann range of stethoscopes are very well known across the globe for there seamless comfort and filters which give enhanced auscultatory abilities to the general practitioner and cardiologists alike. The range of litmann stethoscopes include steho’s such as the classic range, cardiology range which also include cardiology II and the master cardiology stethoscopes as well as a pediatric range of stethoscopes. Most stethoscopes have a two sided chest piece which offer high acoustic sensitivity for superior performance. A traditional bell is combined with a patented tunable diaphragm that conveniently alternates between high and low frequency sounds without the need to turnover the chest piece. Other features include a patient friendly non chill rim and diaphragm, acoustic seal and comfortable fit with patented 3M litmann snap tight soft sealing ear tips, and a comfortably angled anatomically correct headset.... 
