Blood pressure: high and low
Blood pressure is basically the total peripheral resistance that a artery generates towards blood flow. This total peripheral resistance leads to a pressure being exerted on the vessel walls, this pressure is what our physicians measure using a device called a sphygmomanometer.... continue
Hypothalamic disorders and it symptomsThe hypothalamus modulates the activities of the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary in two distinct ways. The neurohormones synthesized in the hypothalamus reach the anterior pituitary directly through a specialized portal vascular system and regulates the synthesis and secretion of six major peptide hormones of the pituitary. The pituitary hormones in turn regulate the peripheral endocrine glands ( the thyroid, adrenal and the gonads) as well as growth and lactation. No direct neural connections exists between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary. In contrast,the posterior pituitary comprises axons, originating in neural cell bodies located in the hypothalamus. These axons serve as storage site for two peptide hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus, which act in the periphery to regulate the water balance, mil ejection, and uterine contraction. An intermediate lobe locate between the anterior and posterior lobes is present in some, but the specific cells are scattered throughout the anterior and posterior lobes in the adult humans. Virtually all hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and the pituitary are pulsatile that is in a burst lie fashion, interspersing brief periods of inactivity and activity. In addition some of the hormones lie(ACTH, growth hormone, and prolactin) have definite circadian or diurnal rhythms with increased secretion during specific hours of the day. Other hormones for example the leutinizing hormone and the follicle stimulating hormone which are involved in the menstrual cycle for women have, month long rhythms with evidence of superimposed circadian cycles.Symptoms of hypothalamic disorder the manifestation of hypothalamic disorder or disease are neurologic defects, endocrine changes, and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperthermia and hyerphagia. The relative frequencies of hypothalamic disease can generally be quantified in relation to other endocrinological disorders or depending on the modification of ones circadian cycle. The possibility of hypothalamic pathology should be kept in mind in evaluating all patients with pituitary dysfunction, especially those with isolated deficiencies of single pituitary hormones. A condition of considerable interest is Kallmanns syndrome, the combination of hypogonadism due to low levels of circulating gonadotropins with partial or complete loss of the sense of smell(hyposmia or anosmia). Embryologically, Gnrh neurons develop in the nose and migrate up the olfactory nerves and then through the brain to the hypothalamus. If this migration is prevented by congenital abnormalities in the olfactory pathways, the Gnrh neurons do not reach the hypothalamus and pubertal maturation of the gonads fails to occur. The syndrome is most common in men and in many cases mutation of a gene on the X chromosome that codes for what is apparently an adhesion molecule necessary for normal development of the olfactory nerve on which the Gnrh neurons migrate into the brain. However the condition is not completely unknown in women and can occur due to other genetically abnormalities. The hypothalamus is also subject to mass lesions and injuries from infections and hemorrhage. Lesions to the anterior and preoptic hypothalamus cause paradoxical vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and hyperthermia. Central disorders of thermoregulation occur from posterior hypothalamic damage.... continue
Self Induced Miscarriage: For those who are concerned about their health, they may think they can have an induced miscarriage. Self induced miscarriages are not something that is allowable to do. In many cases, women who are facing emotional trauma, emotional instability or horrendous situations may be more inclined to try and find a way to induce a miscarriage themselves. Not only does this effectively kill the unborn child, or risk damaging it significantly, but it also is a high risk for your own death. Individuals who are considering this type of situation are best off speaking with a doctor about their options. They may find that there are ways to avoid the situation and eventually to find a way to overcome their feelings about the matter.... continue
Hypothyroidism signs and symptomsHypothyroidism means the characteristic clinical response to thyroid hormone deficiency in the adult. The most common form, is probably an autoimmune disease, Hashimottos thyroiditis and is often associated with a firm goiter or later, in the disease process with a shrunken fibrotic thyroid gland with little or no function. Hyperthyroidism on the other hand is a clinical condition encompassing several specific diseases, characterized by hypermetabolism and elevated serum levels of free thyroid hormone. There is still some debate over the use of the terms hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis. Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism; The symptoms and signs of primary hypothyroidism are generally in striking contrast to those of hyperthyroidism and maybe quite subtle and insidious in onset. The facial expression is dull, the voice is hoarse and the speech is slow, facial puffiness and periorbital swelling these occur due to infiltration of certain compounds. Other signs include cold intolerance and the eye lids seem to droop because of decreased adrenergic drive. the hair is sparse coarse and dry as is the sin, the skin is also sometimes scaly and thick. Weight gain is generally modest and is a direct result of reduced metabolism of food and eventual fluid retention patients are generally found to be forgetful and in conjunction may also show other signs of mental and intellectual impairment. Some even tend to show signs of depression and in rarer cases fran psychosis may also be observed lie in myxedema madness.
There is often carotenemia, particularly notable on the palms and soles, caused by deposition of carotene in the lipid rich epidermal layers. Deposition of proteanecious ground susbstances on the tongue may produce macroglossia. Decrease in thyroid hormone along with adrenergic stimulation also causes bradycardia. Other cardiovascular signs like dilated cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may also been seen. Pericardial and pleural effusion develop slowly these tend to be more chronic signs if the condition goes undiagnosed for a longer period of time and sufficient remedial measures are not put into place promptly. Paraesthesias of the hands and feet become more frequent. Anemia and hypothermia are also noted in people suffering from hypothyroidism. The anemia in the condition is generally normocyctic and normochromic, it maybe hypochromic in certain conditions owing to menorrhagia. In most cases the menorrhagia is rarely ever found to be severe i.e(Hb <9mg/dl). As the eventually hypometabolic state is corrected , so is the anemia, but recover may take upto 6 to 9 months.Women suffering from the disease often develop menorrhagia in contrast to the hypomenorrhea of hyperthyroidism. Secondary hypothyroidism occurs when there is failure of the hypothalamic pituitary axis because of deficient TRH secretion from the hypothalamus or lack of TSH secretion from the pituitary. Myxedema coma is a life threatening complication of hypothyroidism. Its characteristics include a background of long standing hypothyroidism, coma with extreme temperatures is witnessed (24 to 32 degrees celcius) areflexia, seizures CO2 recession and respiratory depression. Eventually leading to cardio pulmonary arrest and death until dealt with promptly.... continue
Liver Anatomy- Physiology: The liver is a gland, the largest one in the human body. It generally weighs between 1,300 and 3,000 grams. The liver is crucial to human physiology and performs many invaluable jobs for the body related to metabolizing vitamins, protein, and carbohydrates, detoxing chemicals, and synthesizing proteins and other materials.... continue
Liver Cyst- Cause: There are many different ailments that can affect the liver. These are serious, because the liver is one of the most important and high-functioning organs in the human body. Of these liver diseases and conditions, the liver cyst, or hepatic cyst, is one of the most common. A liver cyst is a growth that looks like a sac or a bump that grows on the liver. Generally, a liver cyst is caused by poor diet, lack of exercise, and a low level of nutrition.... continue
Basic Anatomy of the Human Liver: Your liver just happens to be the largest organ in your entire body. The normal human liver weighs about three and a half pounds, and is about 4.5 inches thick, 6.5 inches long, and about 8 inches wide. It is basically separated into 3 zones in which each zone has its own special function to perform. It has a dual blood supply, which is unique for most organs and can although you might at first consider it one of nature’s flukes, they serve an important purpose. The first part is the portal vein, and then the hepatic artery. This artery brings oxygen rich blood back to the liver from the heart, lungs and branches of your aortic artery. Tiny branches of both of the hepatic artery and portal vein interweave with tiny ducts all throughout the liver that are used to secrete bile.... continue
Prevent Miscarriage Vitamin: In some situations, it is possible to use a supplement to aid in preventing a miscarriage. A prevent miscarriage vitamin is not specifically guaranteed to help you to prevent this condition from happening, but there are some results that seem to show that it can be possible to reduce your risks of having a miscarriage if you use a vitamin supplement. Often, the supplements that are used are those naturally occurring items that aid in balancing your hormone levels, which often is the leading cause of a miscarriage. Speak with an herbalist to help you in choosing the right herbs to consider. The following are some herbs you may not want to include as these can cause defects in the child. This may include such natural products as black cohosh, blessed thistle, saw palmetto, yarrow, ginseng and other items.... continue
Muscle elegance: Muscle elegance is a female bodybuilding magazine founded by the former American bodybuilder Denise Masino and her husband Robert Masino. The magazine in itself is geared towards an adult audience and readers, as it features full frontal nudity of the female body and one must be a minimum of 18 years old to purchase it. While this magazine is not considered to be every ones cup of tea, it does offer the point of view the women bodybuilders. As mentioned earlier the magazine itself is edited by former body builder Denise Masino born on 1st of may 1968 she is a professional body builder from the united states. Born in Brooklyn new York Masino went on to win her professional card by winning the lightweight class at the 1995 NPC nationals. She has even competed as a professional up till the year 2007 and was even recognized as the night of champions winner in the year 2003. Robert masino Denises ex husband found together the magazine Muscle Elegance, which is an adult magazine featuring erotic pictorial and full frontal nudity of female bodybuilders, the magazine also produces pornographic videos. Although the magazine is considered in some quarters as smut Denise still maintains that it promotes the views of women with muscle. Apart from all this the magazine encourages women to adopt a healthy lifestyle and promotes exercise and bodybuilding as a sport. The magazine also carries very informative articles on bodybuilding and nutritional tips. Over the year men and women alike have taken to reading the magazine not only for its adult content but also for its extremely informative body building articles.The magazine contains articles for men who aspire to date or even get into serious relationships with women body builders. The magazine claims that if a person wants to attract a female bodybuilder, or female figure competitor he must focus first on his own inner Game that is he must work on himself first. This is because women with muscle , humor and intelligence apart from being in perfect physical shape and beauty probably attract dozens of proposals daily and for you to have a chance with such a women you need to have more than just looks, and money, you in fact need to have physical fitness to match your woman own physical prowess and should be able to satisfy all her needs from the sexual to the erotic. Two obstacles that you might face in proving your inner game is firstly self belief, and the other self introspection. This means to admit to yourself that there are aspects to you that need to be worked upon. After you have made these realizations you can then get on working these short comings and eventually full fill your dream of dating muscular and elegant women.Muscle elegance on the whole is more of a lifestyle magazine for those interested in the subject of body building, and at the same time can work as boost for people to get into body building and physical fitness when they see those nude centre folds full of muscle and looking absolutely gorgeous.... continue
Knee Tendonitis
Tendonitis can be defined as an inflammatory reaction that occurs in the sheath that surrounds the tendon. The inflammation reaction can also occur in the tendon itself however it has been proposed that the synovial sheath is the main site for the highest inflammatory reaction to occur. Knee tendonitis is the reaction that is occurring in and around the tendons and the sheath surrounding it at the region of patella. The cause for such a phenomena yet needs to be discovered, however there are many theories in place to explain the multifactorial causes which might lead to this damaging reaction.One of the most popular theories in place is the trauma, according to this in the regions where tendonitis is most likely to occur like the regions of rotator cuff, the Achilles tendon, patellar tendon as well as the knee, and the elbow there is repeated trauma: which might lead to scaring and inflammatory reaction itself. Other factor linked directly to cause of tendonitis is the loss of vascularity, which tend to decrease over a period of time and also decreased exercise which might precipitate the inflammatory condition.... continue
Hypochondriac definition and symptomsHypochondriasis definition: is a disorder in which one is preoccupied with bodily functions and fears of acquiring or having a serious disease based on misinterpretation of physical symptoms of the body. The symptoms associated with a hypochondriac are: The physical symptoms the majority of the time that might be misinterpreted by a hypochondriac include borborygmi, abdominal bloating cardiac awareness, and some times a form of a crampy discomfort felt in the stomach, sweating and a general sense of impending doom may also be associated with the condition. The location or region, the quality and duration of such symptoms are often described by hypochondriacs in minute detail. The trick is to distinguish the pattern of progression of the symptoms. Most of the times the symptoms do not follow a recognizable pattern of organic dysfunction and are generally not associated with abnormal physical findings. Examination and reassurance by a physician generally do not relieve the concerns of the patient, who tends to believe that the physician has failed to find the real cause. These symptoms adversely affect ones social and occupational functioning and cause significant distress. A definitive diagnosis is suggested by the history and examination and confirmed when symptoms persist for a period of about or more than six months, and cannot be attributed to depression or any other form of psychiatric disorder.... continue
Male Muscle Muscle: Male muscles are larger and easier to build up. The male skeletal muscles are faster and they have the ability to do more (have maximum output) when compared to female muscles. For those who wish to build their male muscle, muscle building exercises often require intense workouts specifically geared towards muscle building. If you look at a male muscle gallery, you will see that male muscles do not develop at the same size and rate in all men. Each body’s limitations are set long before weight lifting begins. Your body is unable to build muscles beyond its physical limit. Still, for most male muscle, muscle building is significantly larger, faster and more obvious than the muscle building in a female. This is due to nothing more than the male’s skeletal and muscle formation.... continue
Types of Testosterone Injection: Cypionate
What is testosterone? Testosterone is produced in the male testicles. Testosterone is responsible for the development of masculine traits, such as deep voice, facial hair, and muscular build. Steroids are part of the natural composition of the body. Sex hormones, including testosterone are the main anabolic steroid in humans. Anabolic steroids help build muscle. Weight lifters and athletes alike use anabolic steroids because it increases the body’s ability to utilize protein to enlarge your muscles. American athletes favor testosterone cypionate supposedly because it has more of a punch to it than other anabolic steroids. Why do performers use testosterone injections? There is a lot of pressure for teams to win at any cost. Coaches and peers alike are pressured into having to have a winning edge. They take testosterone injections to increase their muscle mass and strength. Steroids are known for rapid healing from injuries. It also makes you very aggressive.... continue
Tendonitis symptomsTendinitis is the inflammation of the tendon and the sheath surrounding the tendon. The synovial sheath surrounding the tendon is the site for maximal inflammation. The cause of this disorder is generally unknown but is seen in middle aged to older people as there vascular condition of the tendon itself deteriorates over time. Repeated trauma to the area along with accentuated exercise may also precipitate the condition. Most common sites affected are the rotator cuff, the achilles tendon, patellar tendon as well as the knee, and the elbow.Achilles tendinitis symptoms; the Achilles tendon does not have a true synovial sheath but is surrounded by a paratenon(fatty areolar tissue that separates the tendon from its sheath). The early pain of achilles tendinitis is caused by injury to the paratenon rather than the tendon itself. The pain is found to be greater when the patient wakes up in themorning and often improves with continued walking, as the tendon moves more freely inside the paratenon. Similarly pain increases as the exercise is begun and often improves as exercise continues. The Achilles tendon is tender when squeezed between the fingers. If pain is ignored and running is continued, inflammation spreads to the tendon, which is eventually replaced by mucoid degeneration and fibrosis pain is then constant and exacerbated by movement. The treatment specific for Achilles tendinitis entails; the athlete should stop running and the tension on the tendon can be reduced by placing a heel lift on the show. This stretches the hamstring and as a result reduces the pain, wearing shoes with soles that bend easily just behind the 1 st metatarsophalangeal joint. Rear foot control may improve by inserting orthotics in shoes with tight, stiff heel counters. Achilles tendon can be strengthened by performing toe raises. Fast uphill and down hill running should also be avoided.Patellofemoral pain or runners knee: patellofemoral pain is caused by a congenitally high riding patella bone and not necessarily a form of tendinitis. During the pronation, the lower leg twists medially, while the three quadriceps pull the patella laterally and the vastus medialis pulls the patella medially. The most common cause of the condition is combination of excessive pronation and lateral pulling of the patella, which causes it to rub against the lateral condyle of the femur. In time it becomes severely debilitating and pain full this condition is generally seen in runners and hence is known as the runners knee. The general treatment for tendinitis entails symptomatic treatment, and relief provided by rest and immobilization of the affected area. One should remember that in case of chronic tendinitis heat application should be done and cold compressions are required for the acute form of the inflammation. Localized NSAID treatment for 7 to 10 days is usually sufficient but sometimes injections and symptomatic treatment maybe required every 2 or 3 weeks for 1 to 2 months. Surgical exploration and resolution of the inflamed and calcific deposits, followed by physiotherapy maybe considered in persistent cases. Surgery is generally avoidable unless very chronic and debilitating in nature.... continue
High blood pressure; High blood pressure or hypertension as it is medically known is basically the elevation of systolic or diastolic pressure in arteries. This may be of two forms primary which has no known etiology or secondary in cases where there is already an underlying disease which causes the increase in blood pressure. Blood pressure is basically arterial resistance to blood flow. When we talk about the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, they are in direct reference to the cardiac cycle. A systole is when the heart is in depolarization or when the heart contracts to push blood through the left ventricle into the aorta and eventually other arteries of the body. The diastole in contrast is the stage in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in repolarization or relaxation in this phase the mitral and tricuspid valves separating the left and right ventricles from the left and right atriums open and allow the blood to flow into them for the eventually systole to take pace again.The optimal blood pressures for any body is 120-135mmhg for systolic and between 60-85mmhg for diastolic. Sustained values above this interval in a resting state and without the influence of any other external factors for either systolic or diastolic can confirm a diagnosis of arterial hypertension or high blood pressure. Causes of high blood pressure; some of the basic causes of hypertension are as follows: BP increases with aging, diastolic BP increases with aging, but reaches maximal values between 55 and 60 years Arterial stiffness: leads to high systolic BP, but also low diastolic BP. Other risk factors which predispose a patient to hypertension are ; age, heredity, obesity, hypercolesterolemie, smoking, increased dietary sodium intake, increased fluid volume leading, and carbon dioxide poisoning which causes vasoconstriction and many more. Other causes of hypertension include the secondary causes of hypertension which include situation such as an abnormal sodium transport across the cell walls causing a dysfunction of the sodium potassium pump, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, or a dysfunction n the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system causing reno-vascular hypertension.Symptoms of high blood pressure; primary hypertension is asymptomatic until complications develop in the target organs for eg( left ventricular failure, artherosclerotic heart disease, cerebrovascular insufficience with or without stroke and renal failure). Incases of hypertensive encephalopathy or a hypertensive crisis in which case the blood pressure is >190mmhg systolic and >100mmhg diastolic the patient may exhibit symptoms such as dizziness, flushed faces, headache, fatigue, epistaxis or nose bleeds nervousness. A fourth heart sound and a broad , notched Pwave on the ECG are the first signs in clinical setting suggesting a hypertensive heart disease. Treatment for high blood pressure; nowadays there are lots and lots of treatment options available to physicians to treat hypertension, there are classes of drugs ranging from beta blockers, to ACE inhibitors to calcium channel blockers which are all very efficient in treating hypertension. Dietary reduction of slat intake, and exercise also form corner stones of treatment for high blood pressure. One should always remember though that this is a silent killer and should always be monitored by your family doctor.... continue
Inflammation Disease Cause: It is important to understand the inflammation disease cause you may be experiencing. According to many holistic doctors, there is evidence that inflammation can lead to many different illnesses. In other words, if you have experienced long-term inflammation, chances are good that a disease could emerge from it. There is evidence to link long-term exposure to inflammation to illnesses like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, digestive disorders, hormonal imbalances, and even heart disease. If you suffer from inflammation disease causing immune muscle polymyositis, you may not be alone. Inflammation disease and health oxidative, oxidative stress, and stress from other illnesses can lead to a risk for your health.... continue
Marietta Hospital Memorial: Are you planning a visit to Marietta Hospital Memorial? If you are, there are some great doctors, nurse and people here who would love to help you to obtain your needs and goals. The hospital is the WellStart Kennestone Hospital which is a nonprofit organization that provides health care and services in the health field to those who live in and around Marietta, Georgia. The program saves lives through the various services they offer there. Marietta Hospital Kennestone Georgia is a leading provider because of its dedication to the community and its state of the art facilities. Marietta Hospital in Georgia gives you the ability to get the health care you need quickly and thoroughly. For many, this is the hospital to go to for emergency needs, too.... continue
